Organic Facts

The health benefits of coconut oil include hair care, skin care, stress relief, maintaining cholesterol levels, weight loss, increased immunity, proper digestion and metabolism, relief from kidney problems, heart diseases, high blood pressure, diabetes, HIV and cancer, dental care, and bone strength. These benefits of coconut oil can be attributed to the presence of lauric acid, capric acid and caprylic acid, and its properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, soothing, etc.

How is Lauric Acid Used by our body?
The human body converts lauric acid into monolaurin which is claimed to help in dealing with viruses and bacteria causing diseases such as herpes, influenza, cytomegalovirus, and even HIV. It helps in fighting harmful bacteria such as listeria monocytogenes and heliobacter pylori, and harmful protozoa such as giardia lamblia. As a result of these various health benefits of coconut oil, though its exact mechanism of action was unknown, it has been extensively used in Ayurveda, the traditional Indian medicinal system.

Before we move on to the benefits of coconut oil in detail, let us understand its composition.

Composition of Coconut Oil: Coconut oil consists of more than ninety percent of saturated fats (Don’t panic! First read to the last word. Your opinion may change), with traces of few unsaturated fatty acids, such as monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Virgin Coconut Oil is no different from this. Let us have a bit detailed study of this.

• The Saturated Fatty Acids: Most of them are Medium Chain Triglycerides, which are supposed to assimilate well. Lauric Acid is the chief contributor, with more than forty percent of the share, followed by Capric Acid, Caprylic Acid, Myristic Acid and Palmitic.
• The Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Linoleic Acid.
• The Monounsaturated Fatty Acids: Oleic Acid.
• The Poly-phenols: Gallic Acid, which is phenolic acid. These poly-phenols are supposed to be responsible for the fragrance and the taste of Coconut Oil and Virgin Coconut Oil is rich in these poly-phenols.
• Certain derivatives of fatty acid like Betaines, Ethanolamide, Ethoxylates, Fatty Esters, Fatty Polysorbates, Monoglycerides and Polyol Esters.
• Fatty Chlorides, Fatty Alcohol Sulphate and Fatty Alcohol Ether Sulphate, all of which are derivatives of Fatty Alcohols.
• Vitamin-E and Vitamin K and minerals such as Iron.

Let us now explore the benefits of coconut oil in detail:

Hair Care: Coconut oil is one of the best natural nutrition for hair. It helps in healthy growth of hair providing them a shinny complexion. Regular massage of the head with coconut oil ensures that your scalp is free of dandruff, lice, and lice eggs, even if your scalp is dry. Coconut oil is extensively used in the Indian sub-continent for hair care. It is an excellent conditioner and helps in the re-growth of damaged hair. It also provides the essential proteins required for nourishing damaged hair. It is therefore used as hair care oil and used in manufacturing various conditioners, and dandruff relief creams. Coconut oil is normally applied topically for hair care.

Stress Relief: Coconut oil is very soothing and hence it helps in removing stress. Applying coconut oil to the head followed with a gentle massage helps in removing mental fatigue.

Skin Care: Coconut oil is excellent massage oil for the skin as well. It acts as an effective moisturizer on all types of skins including dry skin. The benefit of coconut oil on the skin is comparable to that of mineral oil. Further, unlike mineral oil, there is no chance of having any adverse side effects on the skin with the application of coconut oil. Coconut oil therefore is a safe solution for preventing dryness and flaking of skin. It also delays wrinkles, and sagging of skin which normally become prominent with age. Coconut oil also helps in treating various skin problems including psoriasis, dermatitis, eczema and other skin infections. Therefore coconut oil forms the basic ingredient of various body care products such as soaps, lotions, creams, etc., used for skin care.

Premature Aging: Coconut oil helps in preventing premature aging and degenerative diseases due to its antioxidant properties.

Heart Diseases: There is a misconception spread among many people that coconut oil is not good for the heart. This is because it contains a large quantity of saturated fats. However, coconut oil is beneficial for the heart. It contains about 50% lauric acid, which helps in preventing various heart problems including high cholesterol levels and high blood pressure. The saturated fats present in coconut oil are not harmful as it happens in case of other vegetables oils. It does not lead to increase in LDL levels. It also reduces the incidence of injury in arteries and therefore helps in preventing atherosclerosis.

Weight Loss: Coconut oil is very useful in reducing weight. It contains short and medium-chain fatty acids that help in taking off excessive weight. It is also easy to digest and it helps in healthy functioning of the thyroid and enzymes systems. Further, it increases the body metabolism by removing stress on pancreases, thereby burning out more energy and helping obese and overweight people reduce their weight. Hence, people living in tropical coastal areas, who eat coconut oil daily as their primary cooking oil, are normally not fat, obese or overweight.

Pancreatitis: Coconut oil is also believed to be useful in treating pancreatitis.

Digestion: Internal use of coconut oil occurs primarily as cooking oil. Coconut oil helps in improving the digestive system and thus prevents various stomach and digestion related problems including irritable bowel syndrome. The saturated fats present in coconut oil have anti microbial properties and help in dealing with various bacteria, fungi, parasites, etc., that cause indigestion. Coconut oil also helps in absorption of other nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and amino acids.

Immunity: Coconut oil is also good for the immune system. It strengthens the immune system as it contains antimicrobial lipids, lauric acid, capric acid and caprylic acid which have antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral properties. The human body converts lauric acid into monolaurin which is claimed to help in dealing with viruses and bacteria causing diseases such as herpes, influenza, cytomegalovirus, and even HIV. It helps in fighting harmful bacteria such as listeria monocytogenes and heliobacter pylori, and harmful protozoa such as giardia lamblia.

Healing: When applied on infections, it forms a chemical layer which protects the infected body part from external dust, air, fungi, bacteria and virus. Coconut oil is most effective on bruises as it speeds up the healing process by repairing damaged tissues.

Infections: Coconut oil is very effective against a variety of infections due to its antifungal, antiviral, and antibacterial properties. According to the Coconut Research Center, coconut oil kills viruses that cause influenza, measles, hepatitis, herpes, SARS, etc. It also kills bacteria that cause ulcers, throat infections, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and gonorrhea, etc. Coconut oil is also effective on fungi and yeast that cause candidiasis, ringworm, athlete's foot, thrush, diaper rash, etc.

Liver: The presence of medium chain triglycerides and fatty acids helps in preventing liver diseases as they substances are easily converted into energy when they reach the liver, thus reducing work load on the liver and also preventing accumulation of fat.

Kidney: Coconut oil helps in preventing kidney and gall bladder diseases. It also helps in dissolving kidney stones.

Diabetes: Coconut oil helps in controlling blood sugar, and improves the secretion of insulin. It also helps in effective utilization of blood glucose, thereby preventing and treating diabetes.

Bones: As mentioned earlier, coconut oil improves the ability of our body to absorb important minerals. These include calcium and magnesium which are necessary for development of bones. Thus coconut oil is very useful to women who are prone to osteoporosis after middle age.

Dental Care: Calcium is an important element present in teeth. Since coconut oil facilitates absorption of calcium by the body, it helps in getting strong teeth. Coconut oil also stops tooth decay.

HIV and Cancer: It is believed that coconut oil plays an instrumental role in reducing viral susceptibility of HIV and cancer patients.

Finally, coconut oil is often preferred by athletes and body builders and by those who are dieting. The reason behind this being that coconut oil contains lesser calories than other oils, its fat content is easily converted into energy and it does not lead to accumulation of fat in the heart and arteries. Coconut oil helps in boosting energy and endurance, and enhances the performance of athletes.

Sources of photos: Coconut oil: SXC.hu; woman combing hair, measuring waist, healthy kid, middle aged woman: PhotoXpress

Pitaya

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Hylocereus undatus pitayas at a market stall in Taiwan.

A pitaya (pronounced /pɨˈtaɪ.ə/) or pitahaya (/ˌpɪtəˈhaɪə/) is the fruit of several cactus species, most importantly of the genus Hylocereus (sweet pitayas). These fruit are commonly known as dragon fruit – cf. Chinese huǒ lóng guǒ 火龍果/火龙果 "fire dragon fruit" and lóng zhū guǒ "dragon pearl fruit", or Vietnamese thanh long (green dragon). Other vernacular names are strawberry pear or nanettikafruit.

Native to Mexico and Central and South America, the vine-like epiphytic Hylocereus cacti are also cultivated in Asian countries such as Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Sri Lanka and Malaysia. They are also found in Okinawa, Hawaiʻi, Israel, northern Australia and southern China. Hylocereus blooms only at night; the large white fragrant flowers of the typical cactusflower shape are among those called "moonflower" or "Queen of the Night". Sweet pitayas have a creamy pulp and a delicate aroma.

If not otherwise stated, this article's content refers specifically to the pitayas of Hylocereus species, or "dragon fruit".

Stenocereus queretaroensis pitaya prepared for eating

Contents [hide] 1 Varieties 2 Cultivation 2.1 Pests and diseases 3 Fruit 4 Gallery 5 Nutritional information 6 See also 7 Footnotes 8 References 9 External links

[edit] Varieties

Selling dragon fruit juice in Thailand

Stenocereus fruit (sour pitayas) are of more local importance, being commonly eaten in the arid regions of the Americas. They are more sour and refreshing, with juicier flesh and a stronger taste, and are relished by hikers. The common Sour Pitaya or pitaya agria (S. gummosus)^[1] in the Sonoran Desert has been an important food source for Native American peoples. The Seri people of northwestern Mexico still harvest the highly appreciated fruit^[2], and call the plant ziix is ccapxl – "thing whose fruit is sour". The fruit of related species, such as S. queretaroensis and Dagger Cactus (S. griseus)^[3], are also locally important food. Somewhat confusingly, the Organ Pipe Cactus (S. thurberi) fruit (called ool by the Seris) is the pitahaya dulce ("sweet pitahaya") of its native lands, as dragon fruit are not grown there in numbers. It still has a more tart aroma than Hylocereus fruit, described as somewhat reminiscent of watermelon; it has some uses in folk medicine.

Fruits of some other columnar cacti (mainly Cereeae) are also called "pitayas" – for example those of the Peruvian Apple Cactus (Cereus repandus).

[edit] Cultivation

Pitaya being grown commercially in southern Vietnam

Pitaya plants in Sde Nitzan, Israel

After thorough cleaning of the seeds from the pulp of the fruit, the seeds may be stored when dried. Ideally, the fruit must be unblemished and overripe. Seeds grow well in a compost or potting soil mix - even as a potted indoor plant. Pitaya cacti usually germinate between 11 and 14 days after shallow planting. As they are cacti, overwatering is a concern for home growers. As their growth continues, these climbing plants will find something to climb on, which can involve putting aerial roots down from the branches in addition to the basal roots. Once the plant reaches a mature 10 lbs weight, one may see the plant flower. Pitaya cacti flower overnight, usually wilting by the morning. They rely on nocturnal creatures such as bats or moths for fertilization by other pitaya. Self-fertilization will not produce fruit. This limits the capability of home growers to produce the fruit. However, the plants can flower between three and six times in a year depending especially on growing conditions. Like other cacti, if a healthy piece of the stem is broken off, it may take root in soil and become its own plant. This is a much shorter route to reproduction. The plants handles up to 104^oF and very short periods of frost, but do not survive long exposure to freezing temperatures. The cacti thrive most in USDA zones 10-11, but may survive outdoors in zone 9a or 9b.^[4][5][6]

Hylocereus has adapted to live in dry tropical climates with a moderate amount of rain. The dragon fruit sets on the cactus-like trees 30–50 days after flowering and can sometimes have 5-6 cycles of harvests per year. There are some farms in Vietnam that produce 30 tons of fruit per hectare every year.^[7]

[edit] Pests and diseases

Overwatering or excessive rainfall can cause the flowers to drop and fruit to rot. Birds can be a nuisance. The bacterium Xanthomonas campestris causes the stems to rot. Dothiorella fungi can cause brown spots on the fruit, but this is not common.

[edit] Fruit

Ripe dragon fruits, Vietnam

Sweet pitayas come in three types, all with leathery, slightly leafy skin:

• Hylocereus undatus (red pitaya) has red-skinned fruit with white flesh. This is the most commonly-seen "dragon fruit".
• Hylocereus costaricensis (Costa Rica pitaya, often called H. polyrhizus) has red-skinned fruit with red flesh
• Hylocereus megalanthus (yellow pitaya, formerly in Selenicereus) has yellow-skinned fruit with white flesh.

Early imports from Colombia to Australia were designated Hylocereus ocampensis (supposedly red fruit) and Cereus triangularis (supposedly yellow fruit)^[8]. It is not quite certain to which species these taxa refer to, though the latter is probably the red pitaya.

The fruit can weigh from 150 to 600 grams; some may reach one kilogram^[9]. To prepare a pitaya for consumption, the fruit is cut open to expose the flesh.^[9] The fruit's texture is sometimes likened to that of the kiwifruit due to the presence of black crunchy seeds.^{[citation needed]} The flesh, which is eaten raw, is mildly sweet and low in calories. Few people find its taste offensive; some may consider it bland. It is generally recommended that dragon fruit be eaten chilled, for improved flavour^{[citation needed]}; dragon fruit should not be used to accompany strong-tasting food – except to "clean the palate" between dishes.^{[citation needed]} The seeds are eaten together with the flesh, have a nutty taste and are rich in lipids^[10], but they are indigestible unless chewed. The fruit is also converted into juice or wine, or used to flavour other beverages. The flowers can be eaten or steeped as tea. The skin is not eaten, and in farm-grown fruit it may be polluted with pesticides.

Ingestion of significant amounts of red-fleshed dragon fruit (such as Costa Rica Pitaya) may result in pseudohematuria, a harmless reddish discoloration of the urine and faeces.^[11]

[edit] Gallery

Red Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus)	Red Pitayas for sale in Poland	Red Pitaya, cut open	Another opened Red Pitaya
Costa Rica Pitaya (Hylocereus costaricensis)	Flesh of Costa Rica Pitayas	Costa Rica Pitaya flower	Yellow Pitaya (Hylocereus megalanthus)

[edit] Nutritional information

Dragon fruit served in a buffet

Red Pitaya, ready to eat

The typical nutritional values per 100 g of raw pitaya (of which 55 g are edible) are as follows:

• Water 80-90 g
• Carbohydrates 9-14 g
• Protein 0.15-0.5 g
• Fat 0.1-0.6 g
• Fiber 0.3-0.9 g
• Ash 0.4-0.7 g
• Calories: 35-50

• Calcium 6–10 mg
• Iron 0.3-0.7 mg
• Phosphorus 16 – 36 mg

• Carotene (Vitamin A) traces
• Thiamine (Vitamin B₁) traces
• Riboflavin (Vitamin B₂) traces
• Niacin (Vitamin B₃) 0.2-0.45 mg
• Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 4–25 mg

They may change subject to cultivation conditions.

The fatty acid compositions of two pitaya seed oils were determined as follows:^[10]

	"Hylocereus polyrhizus" (probably Costa Rica Pitaya)	Hylocereus undatus (Red Pitaya)
Myristic acid	0.2%	0.3%
Palmitic acid	17.9%	17.1%
Stearic acid	5.49%	4.37%
Palmitoleic acid	0.91%	0.61%
Oleic acid	21.6%	23.8%
Cis-vaccenic acid	3.14%	2.81%
Linoleic acid	49.6%	50.1%
Linolenic acid	1.21%	0.98%

• Particularly red-skinned pitayas are a good source of Vitamin C.^[12]
• Pitayas are rich in fiber and minerals, notably phosphorus and calcium. Red pitayas seem to be richer in the former, yellow ones in the latter.^[12]
• The seeds are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and in particular Red Pitayas contain very little saturated fat.^[10]
• Pitahayas also contain significant quantities of phytoalbumin antioxidants, which prevent the formation of cancer-causing free radicals.^[13]
• In Taiwan, diabetics use the fruit as a food substitute for rice and as a source of dietary fibre.^[8]
• Pitaya supposedly increases excretion of heavy metal toxins and lowers cholesterol and blood pressure. Eaten regularly, it is credited with alleviating chronic respiratory tract ailments.^[8]

Dragon Fruit (Buah Naga)

Tak salah kalau Dragon fruit disebut buah hebat! Buah naga atau dikenal juga sebagai Strawberry pear, mampu "melibas" penyakit diabetes dan kolestrol bila dikonsumsi secara teratur

Buah naga mempunyai khasiat yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan manusia diantaranya sebagai penyeimbang kadar gula darah, pelindung kesehatan mulut, pencegah kanker usus, mengurangi kolesterol, pencegah pendarahan dan mengobati keluhan keputihan.

Buah naga biasanya dikonsumsi dalam bentuk buah segar sebagai penghilang dahaga, karena buah naga mengandung kadar air tinggi sekitar 90 % dari berat buah. Rasanya cukup manis karena mengandung kadar gula mencapai 13-18 briks. Buah naga juga dapat disajikan dalam bentuk jus, sari buah, manisan maupu selai atau beragam bentuk penyajian sesuai selera anda.

Secara umum,pakar sependapat dan mengakui buah naga kaya dengan potasium, ferum, protein, serat, sodium dan kalsium yang baik untuk kesihatan berbanding buah-buahan lain yang diimport.

Menurut AL Leong dari Johncola Pitaya Food R&D, organisasi yang meneliti buah naga merah , buah kaktus madu itu cukup kaya dengan berbagai zat vitamin dan mineral yang sangat membantu meningkatkan daya tahan dan bermanfaat bagi metabolisme dalam tubuh manusia.

“Penelitian menunjukkan buah naga merah ini sangat baik untuk sistem peredaran darah, juga memberikan efek mengurangi tekanan emosi dan menetralkan toksik dalam darah.“Penelitian juga menunjukkan buah ini bisa mencegah kanker usus, selain mencegah kandungan kolesterol yang tinggi dalam darah dan menurunkan kadar lemak dalam tubuh,” katanya.

Secara keseluruhan, setiap buah naga merah mengandungi protein yang mampu meningkatkan metabolisme tubuh dan menjaga kesehatan jantung; serat (mencegah kanker usus, kencing manis dan diet); karotin (kesehatan mata, menguatkan otak dan mencegah masuknya penyakit), kalsium (menguatkan tulang).

Buah naga juga mengandungi zat besi untuk menambah darah; vitamin B1 (mencegah demam badan); vitamin B2 (menambah selera); vitamin B3 (menurunkan kadar kolesterol) dan vitamin C (menambah kelicinan, kehalusan kulit serta mencegah jerawat).

Berikut ini kandungan nutrisi lengkap buah naga :

Kadar Gula : 13-18 briks
Air : 90 %
Karbohidrat : 11,5 g
Asam : 0,139 g
Protein : 0,53 g
Serat : 0,71 g
Kalsium : 134,5 mg
Fosfor : 8,7 mg
Magnesium : 60,4 mg
Vitamin C : 9,4 mg

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